{"id":5011,"date":"2026-09-11T13:43:55","date_gmt":"2026-09-11T08:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skillarbitra.ge\/blog\/?p=5011"},"modified":"2026-09-14T12:35:36","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T07:05:36","slug":"canadian-gst-hst-bookkeeping-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.skillarbitra.ge\/blog\/canadian-gst-hst-bookkeeping-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Canadian Bookkeeping: GST\/HST for Indian Professionals"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Most Indian bookkeepers who take on a Canadian client get the sales tax wrong inside a quarter,\nand it is almost never the arithmetic. Canadian GST\/HST usually costs you nothing on your own fee,\nbecause the Canada Revenue Agency does not require a non-resident who is not carrying on business\nin Canada to register. What you do own is the tax inside the client&#8217;s books: the rate, which\nfollows the customer&#8217;s province rather than the client&#8217;s, the tax codes that separate zero-rated\nfrom exempt, and the return that reconciles both. Those three decisions are where the file holds\nor fails.<\/p>\n<p>This article works Canadian GST\/HST from the bookkeeper&#8217;s side of the desk rather than the\ntaxpayer&#8217;s.<\/p>\n<p>The confusion starts with a genuine ambiguity, not with carelessness. Two GST\/HST registrations\nexist on any India-to-Canada engagement, yours and the client&#8217;s, and virtually everything written\nabout GST\/HST online is written for the second one. So a bookkeeper arrives wanting to know\nwhether to put 5% on an invoice, and leaves having read about small-business filing deadlines that\nwere never theirs to worry about. Separating the two questions is most of the job.<\/p>\n<p>Fair warning on one date before any of it. Nova Scotia cut its harmonised sales tax from 15% to\n14% on 1 April 2025, and tax codes set before that change are still producing a one-point\novercharge on every Nova Scotia invoice they touch. That&#8217;s the sort of error a client&#8217;s customer\nspots before the client does. And it&#8217;s still wrong, unhelpfully, on a good deal of the secondary\ncontent that ranks for Canadian rate queries.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<nav class=\"ls-toc\" aria-label=\"Table of contents\">\n<h2>Table of Contents<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"ls-toc-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#h2-1\">Canadian GST\/HST registration rules for Indian bookkeepers<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#h2-2\">Charging the correct Canadian GST\/HST rate by province<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#h2-3\">Filing Canadian GST\/HST returns and claiming input tax credits<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#h2-4\">Frequently asked questions<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#h2-5\">References<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#h2-6\">Disclaimer<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/nav>\n\n<hr>\n\n<a id=\"h2-1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"canadian-gsthst-registration-rules-for-indian-bookkeepers\">Canadian GST\/HST registration rules for Indian bookkeepers<\/h2>\n<p>Canadian GST\/HST registration splits along a line most guides never draw. There is the\nregistration that sits on your fee, and there is the registration that sits on your client&#8217;s\nsales. Different tests govern them, they trigger at different moments, and only one of the two is\nlikely to be yours.<\/p>\n<p>Start with your own. The Canada Revenue Agency (hereinafter &#8220;CRA&#8221;) states that you do not have to\nregister under the normal registration provisions if you are &#8220;a non-resident who does not carry on\nbusiness in Canada&#8221;, with a narrow carve-out for taxable supplies of admissions to a place of\namusement, a seminar or an event held in Canada\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/tax\/businesses\/topics\/gst-hst-businesses\/when-register-charge.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRA<\/a>).\nBookkeeping delivered from Pune to a Toronto client isn&#8217;t that.<\/p>\n<p>So what counts as carrying on business in Canada? CRA treats it as a factual test rather than a\nbright line, weighing twelve factors: where agents or employees are located, the place of\ndelivery, the place of payment, where purchases are made or assets acquired, where transactions\nare solicited from, the location of assets or inventory, where business contracts are made, the\nlocation of a bank account, whether the business name appears in Canadian directories, the\nlocation of a branch or office, where the service is performed, and the place of manufacture or\nproduction\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/forms-publications\/publications\/rc4027\/doing-business-canada-gst-hst-information-non-residents.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRA RC4027<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Run your own engagement against that list. No Canadian office, no staff on the ground, no Canadian\nbank account, contracts concluded from India, the work itself performed in India. The practical\nreality is that a solo bookkeeper on a laptop in Kochi or Jaipur clears the test with room to\nspare.<\/p>\n<p>But there is one exception that does catch freelancers, and it is not the one people brace for.<\/p>\n<p>Since 1 July 2021, a simplified GST\/HST regime has applied to non-residents supplying digital\nproducts and services into Canada. The threshold is $30,000 CAD over any rolling 12-month period,\nand it bites only on supplies made to a &#8220;specified Canadian recipient&#8221;, which CRA defines as &#8220;a\nrecipient of a supply who has a usual place of residence that is situated in Canada, and who has\nnot provided to the supplier or distribution platform operator satisfactory evidence that the\nrecipient is registered under the normal GST\/HST regime&#8221;\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/tax\/businesses\/topics\/gst-hst-businesses\/digital-economy-gsthst\/charge-collect\/cross-border.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRA<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>That second clause is the switch, and it is worth reading twice. CRA is explicit about the relief:\n&#8220;If you obtain the GST\/HST registration number of your customer who is registered for the GST\/HST\nunder the normal GST\/HST regime, you are not required to charge and collect the GST\/HST on the\nspecified supply that you make to this customer.&#8221; A business client whose number you hold stops\nbeing a specified Canadian recipient, and the obligation leaves with them.<\/p>\n<p>Which makes that number the single highest-value line in your onboarding. Here&#8217;s what that\nactually looks like in an engagement email: <em>&#8220;Before we begin, please confirm your GST\/HST account\nnumber (the nine-digit business number with its RT extension) and the province of your principal\nplace of business. We keep both on file to document that our services are supplied to a GST\/HST\nregistrant, and to code your own sales at the correct provincial rate.&#8221;<\/em> Two sentences, and they\nsettle the registration question and the rate question together.<\/p>\n<p>Then verify the number rather than trusting it. CRA&#8217;s GST\/HST Registry confirms whether a business\nwas registered on a given date and takes three inputs: the account number (&#8220;Enter only the first\nnine digits of the GST\/HST account number. Do not include letters.&#8221;), the business name as it\nappears on the paperwork, and the transaction date\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/e-services\/digital-services-businesses\/confirming-a-gst-hst-account-number.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRA<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>And it&#8217;s worth flagging the cost of skipping that check in the other direction. Where tax is\ncharged to a customer who was in fact registered, CRA states that the amount &#8220;is not recoverable\nby claiming an input tax credit or by filing a rebate application&#8221;. It simply leaves their ledger.<\/p>\n<p>Now the client&#8217;s registration, which is the one you will actually administer. A Canadian business\nstops being a small supplier once its taxable supplies pass $30,000 across four consecutive\ncalendar quarters, or once they pass $30,000 within a single calendar quarter, with charities and\npublic institutions working to $50,000 instead. The effective date is no later than the day of the\nsupply that took them over. They then have 29 days from that date to register.<\/p>\n<p>That 29-day window is where new files come apart. A client who crossed the threshold in March and\nregistered in July still owed tax on supplies from March onward, and the shortfall has to be\nrecovered from customers or absorbed by the business. But rebuilding it after the fact is slow and\nawkward. Reviewing a new client&#8217;s trailing four quarters in your first week is neither.<\/p>\n<p>One more direction of flow, briefly, because it surprises people. Your fee lands in Canada as an\nimported service. A registrant client using it at least 90% in commercial activities has nothing\nto self-assess, which covers most ordinary trading businesses. Below that threshold the GST or\nfederal part of the HST goes on line 405 of their return, and a client not registered at all\nreports on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/forms-publications\/forms\/gst59.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Form GST59<\/a>\nby the end of the month after the amount was paid or became payable (an exempt-sector client such\nas a medical or dental practice is the usual case here).<\/p>\n<p>But if you&#8217;ve worked American files, the mental model transfers only partly.\n<a href=\"https:\/\/skillarbitra.ge\/blog\/us-sales-tax-nexus-remote-bookkeepers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">US sales tax nexus<\/a> turns on\nthe seller&#8217;s connection to a state. Canadian GST\/HST turns on residence and on where the recipient\nsits, which is exactly why the rate question starts with the customer.<\/p>\n<a id=\"h2-2\"><\/a>\n<h2 id=\"charging-the-correct-canadian-gsthst-rate-by-province\">Charging the correct Canadian GST\/HST rate by province<\/h2>\n<p>The correct Canadian GST\/HST rate by province is decided by where the customer is, not by where\nthe client is. An Ontario consultancy billing a Calgary customer charges 5%, not 13%. Get that\nbackwards and every invoice on the file is out by eight percentage points one way or the other.<\/p>\n<p>For services, CRA&#8217;s general place-of-supply rule is address-driven. A service is supplied in a\nprovince if, in the ordinary course of the supplier&#8217;s business, the supplier obtains a home or\nbusiness address of the recipient in that province\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/forms-publications\/publications\/3-3-6\/plc-spply-prvnc-gnrl-rls-fr-srvcs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRA Memorandum 3-3-6<\/a>).\nNote what&#8217;s doing the work: an address the supplier already holds, not an analysis of where the\nservice was performed.<\/p>\n<p>Two addresses complicate it, and CRA&#8217;s own example is the clearest guide available. A consulting\nfirm in Ontario contracts with a corporation that has offices in Ontario and Alberta, sends its\ninvoices to the Alberta office, and takes its instructions from the Ontario head office. The\nsupply is made in Ontario, because &#8220;the business address of the recipient that is most closely\nconnected with the supply is the business address of the head office in Ontario from which the\nsupplier is hired&#8221;. Billing address loses to contracting address.<\/p>\n<p>CRA adds that the most closely connected address &#8220;is not necessarily the same for all suppliers&#8221;,\nwhich is a quiet warning against copying one client&#8217;s logic across to another file.<\/p>\n<p>Then the rates. Five percent is the federal floor and reaches everywhere. Ontario runs 13%, New\nBrunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island run 15%, and Nova Scotia sits at 14%\nafter the province cut its portion of the harmonised rate to 9% on 1 April 2025.<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Quebec charge 5% GST alongside a separate provincial\ntax that CRA doesn&#8217;t administer (7%, 7%, 6% and 9.975% respectively). Alberta, the Northwest\nTerritories, Nunavut and Yukon charge 5% and nothing further\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/tax\/businesses\/topics\/gst-hst-businesses\/charge-collect-which-rate\/calculator.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRA<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>So why does a rate table this short go wrong so often? Because nobody revisits it. Any file whose\ntax codes were configured before April 2025 and never touched since is still charging Nova Scotia\ncustomers 15%, and the overcharge compounds quietly across a year of invoices. Checking the\nprovincial codes on a new file takes about ten minutes.<\/p>\n<p>The second failure is subtler, and it is the one that actually surfaces in books an offshore\nbookkeeper has been coding. Zero-rated is not exempt, and neither is out of scope.<\/p>\n<p>A zero-rated supply is taxable at 0%. An exempt supply sits outside the tax altogether. Services\nsupplied to a non-resident person are zero-rated under section 7, Part V, Schedule VI of the\nExcise Tax Act, and advisory, consulting and professional services sit outside that general\nprovision, zero-rated instead under section 23\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/forms-publications\/publications\/4-5-3\/exports-services-intangible-personal-property.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRA Memorandum 4-5-3<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>That second point is easy to skate past and worth holding onto, because professional service\nrevenue is exactly what a consulting or agency client bills. Both sections carry exclusions that\nbite in practice: a service rendered to an individual while that individual is in Canada, a\nservice in respect of real property or tangible personal property situated in Canada, and acting\nas an agent of a non-resident.<\/p>\n<p>Code a zero-rated export as exempt and the input tax credits behind that revenue stop being\ndefensible, because exempt supplies don&#8217;t carry ITCs and zero-rated supplies do. Code it out of\nscope instead and it vanishes from line 101 altogether, which CRA defines as total sales and other\nrevenue &#8220;including zero-rated and exempt supplies&#8221;. Same 0% on the customer&#8217;s invoice. Three\ndifferent outcomes on the return.<\/p>\n<p>Setting this up correctly is a fifteen-minute job at the start of an engagement. In QuickBooks\nOnline, go to All apps, select Sales Tax, then Overview, choose the province or territory and\nsave, then set the start of the tax period, the filing frequency and the reporting method\n(accrual, for most clients) and enter the GST\/HST number\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/quickbooks.intuit.com\/learn-support\/en-ca\/help-article\/sales-taxes\/set-use-sales-tax-quickbooks-online\/L4Lx8eL7V_CA_en_CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Intuit<\/a>).\nXero maps its default Canadian rates to the right lines of the sales tax return automatically, but\na rate you add or customise has to be mapped to the return by hand, or transactions carrying it\nnever appear on the return at all\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/central.xero.com\/s\/article\/Add-or-edit-tax-rates-CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xero Central<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s what a month looks like once the codes are right. <em>One Ontario client, three sales invoices.\nThe invoice to a Toronto customer carries 13% HST. The invoice to a Halifax customer carries 14%\nHST, because the recipient&#8217;s business address is in Nova Scotia and the rate follows the recipient.\nThe invoice to a customer in Chicago with no Canadian presence carries 0%, coded to the zero-rated\nexport rate rather than to exempt or out of scope, so the sale still lands in line 101 and the\nmonth&#8217;s input tax credits stay intact.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Configuring provincial codes, mapping custom rates and documenting the place-of-supply logic is\nbillable setup work, and it belongs in your scope and your\n<a href=\"https:\/\/skillarbitra.ge\/blog\/price-bookkeeping-services-us-clients-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pricing<\/a> rather than\nabsorbed as goodwill. If you are building the software credential to go with it, the\n<a href=\"https:\/\/skillarbitra.ge\/blog\/quickbooks-proadvisor-certification-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">QuickBooks ProAdvisor route<\/a>\ncovers the Canadian sales tax module directly.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n<figure class=\"ls-infographic-wrap\" style=\"margin:2rem 0;\">\n<div class=\"sa-ig-cagst\" style=\"margin:2rem 0;max-width:820px;\">\n<style>\n.sa-ig-cagst, .sa-ig-cagst *, .sa-ig-cagst *::before, .sa-ig-cagst *::after { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }\n.sa-ig-cagst { font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; color: #212121; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .infographic { max-width: 820px; margin: 0 auto; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-radius: 10px; overflow: hidden; background: #ffffff; }\n\n.sa-ig-cagst .title-bar { background: #2941ba; color: #ffffff; padding: 22px 24px 20px; text-align: center; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .ig-title { font-size: 21px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.3; letter-spacing: 0.1px; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .ig-sub { margin-top: 7px; font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 400; opacity: 0.86; line-height: 1.45; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .stamp { display: inline-block; margin-top: 11px; padding: 4px 12px; border-radius: 999px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.16); font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.4px; text-transform: uppercase; }\n\n.sa-ig-cagst .body { padding: 22px 24px 6px; }\n\n.sa-ig-cagst .sec-label { font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-transform: uppercase; color: #2941ba; margin-bottom: 11px; }\n\n.sa-ig-cagst .rates { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 9px; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .rate { border: 1px solid #dfe3f5; border-radius: 8px; background: #f6f7fd; padding: 11px 12px 12px; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .rate.flag { border: 2px solid #feae2d; background: #fffaf0; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .rv { font-size: 25px; font-weight: 800; color: #0e1a5c; line-height: 1.05; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .rk { margin-top: 2px; font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.4px; text-transform: uppercase; color: #4a5aa8; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .rn { margin-top: 6px; font-size: 11.5px; line-height: 1.4; color: #45454f; }\n\n.sa-ig-cagst .note { margin-top: 12px; display: flex; gap: 9px; align-items: flex-start; border-left: 3px solid #c2410c; background: #fff6f1; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; padding: 9px 12px; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .nl { font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.4px; text-transform: uppercase; color: #9a3412; white-space: nowrap; padding-top: 1px; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .nx { font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.45; color: #3a2a24; }\n\n.sa-ig-cagst .divider { margin: 20px 0 18px; height: 1px; background: #e8e8ee; }\n\n.sa-ig-cagst .steps { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .step { display: flex; gap: 13px; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .rail { flex: 0 0 30px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .num { width: 30px; height: 30px; border-radius: 50%; background: #2941ba; color: #ffffff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex: 0 0 30px; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .line { width: 3px; flex: 1 1 auto; background: #dfe3f5; min-height: 12px; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .step:last-child .line { background: transparent; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .card { flex: 1 1 auto; border: 1px solid #e6e8f2; border-radius: 8px; padding: 11px 13px 12px; background: #ffffff; margin-bottom: 11px; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .ct { font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 700; color: #1a1a24; line-height: 1.25; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .cx { margin-top: 5px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; color: #45454f; }\n\n.sa-ig-cagst .callout { margin-top: 4px; border: 2px solid #feae2d; border-radius: 8px; background: #fffaf0; padding: 13px 15px; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .callout .cl { font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-transform: uppercase; color: #96650a; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .callout .cv { margin-top: 5px; font-size: 12.5px; line-height: 1.5; color: #2c2c38; }\n\n.sa-ig-cagst .source { padding: 14px 24px 0; font-size: 10.5px; line-height: 1.5; color: #6b6b76; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .brand-bar { margin-top: 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e8e8ee; padding: 14px 24px 16px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: flex-end; }\n.sa-ig-cagst .brand-bar img { height: 34px; width: auto; display: block; }\n\n@media (max-width: 560px) {\n  .sa-ig-cagst .rates { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n  .sa-ig-cagst .ig-title { font-size: 18px; }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"infographic\">\n\n  <div class=\"title-bar\">\n    <div class=\"ig-title\">Canadian GST\/HST at a glance<\/div>\n    <div class=\"ig-sub\">The rate follows the recipient&#8217;s province, not the client&#8217;s. Read the rate off the strip, then work the four questions below it.<\/div>\n    <div class=\"stamp\">Rates current at September 2026<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"body\">\n\n    <div class=\"sec-label\">Rate by the recipient&#8217;s province or territory<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"rates\">\n      <div class=\"rate\">\n        <div class=\"rv\">5%<\/div>\n        <div class=\"rk\">GST only<\/div>\n        <div class=\"rn\">Alberta, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon. Nothing further applies.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"rate\">\n        <div class=\"rv\">5% + PST<\/div>\n        <div class=\"rk\">GST plus provincial tax<\/div>\n        <div class=\"rn\">British Columbia 7%, Manitoba 7%, Saskatchewan 6%. The provincial half is not administered by the CRA.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"rate\">\n        <div class=\"rv\">5% + 9.975%<\/div>\n        <div class=\"rk\">GST plus QST<\/div>\n        <div class=\"rn\">Quebec. Revenu Quebec administers the QST separately.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"rate\">\n        <div class=\"rv\">13%<\/div>\n        <div class=\"rk\">HST<\/div>\n        <div class=\"rn\">Ontario. One harmonised rate, filed on the one GST\/HST return.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"rate flag\">\n        <div class=\"rv\">14%<\/div>\n        <div class=\"rk\">HST, changed 2025<\/div>\n        <div class=\"rn\">Nova Scotia. Cut from 15% on 1 April 2025 when the provincial portion dropped to 9%.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"rate\">\n        <div class=\"rv\">15%<\/div>\n        <div class=\"rk\">HST<\/div>\n        <div class=\"rn\">New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"note\">\n      <div class=\"nl\">Stale code<\/div>\n      <div class=\"nx\">Any file whose tax codes were set before April 2025 is still charging Nova Scotia customers 15%, a one-point overcharge on every invoice since.<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"divider\"><\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"sec-label\">Four questions, in order, on every sales invoice<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"steps\">\n\n      <div class=\"step\">\n        <div class=\"rail\"><div class=\"num\">1<\/div><div class=\"line\"><\/div><\/div>\n        <div class=\"card\">\n          <div class=\"ct\">Where is the recipient?<\/div>\n          <div class=\"cx\">For services, the province is set by the home or business address of the recipient that the supplier obtains in the ordinary course of business. Where two addresses exist, use the one most closely connected with the supply, which is usually the contracting address rather than the billing address.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"step\">\n        <div class=\"rail\"><div class=\"num\">2<\/div><div class=\"line\"><\/div><\/div>\n        <div class=\"card\">\n          <div class=\"ct\">Is the recipient a non-resident?<\/div>\n          <div class=\"cx\">Services supplied to a non-resident person are zero-rated under section 7, Part V, Schedule VI. Advisory, consulting and professional services sit outside that provision and are zero-rated under section 23 instead. Zero-rated is not exempt, and it is not out of scope.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"step\">\n        <div class=\"rail\"><div class=\"num\">3<\/div><div class=\"line\"><\/div><\/div>\n        <div class=\"card\">\n          <div class=\"ct\">Which rate applies?<\/div>\n          <div class=\"cx\">Read it off the strip above, using the recipient&#8217;s province. An Ontario client billing a Halifax customer charges 14%, and billing a Calgary customer charges 5%.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"step\">\n        <div class=\"rail\"><div class=\"num\">4<\/div><div class=\"line\"><\/div><\/div>\n        <div class=\"card\">\n          <div class=\"ct\">Which line of the return?<\/div>\n          <div class=\"cx\">Line 101 takes total sales and other revenue including zero-rated and exempt supplies. Line 103 takes the tax collected or collectible, line 106 the eligible input tax credits, and line 109 the net tax as line 105 less line 108.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"callout\">\n      <div class=\"cl\">The registration switch for a supplier outside Canada<\/div>\n      <div class=\"cv\">A non-resident who does not carry on business in Canada is not required to register under the normal provisions. The simplified digital-economy regime can still apply above $30,000 CAD over any 12-month period, but only to a specified Canadian recipient, meaning one who has not shown evidence of registration under the normal regime. Obtain the client&#8217;s nine-digit GST\/HST number and the collection obligation falls away.<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"source\">\n    Sources: CRA, When to register for and start charging the GST\/HST; CRA GST\/HST calculator and rate table; CRA GST\/HST Memorandum 3-3-6; CRA GST\/HST Memorandum 4-5-3; CRA, Cross-border digital products or services; CRA, Instructions for preparing a GST\/HST return; CRA RC4027. Provincial sales taxes in British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Quebec are administered separately from GST\/HST.\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"brand-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" 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\" alt=\"SkillArbitrage\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n\n<a id=\"h2-3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"filing-canadian-gsthst-returns-and-claiming-input-tax-credits\">Filing Canadian GST\/HST returns and claiming input tax credits<\/h2>\n<p>Filing Canadian GST\/HST returns and claiming input tax credits is mechanical by the time you reach\nit. Nearly every error that shows up on the return was made weeks earlier, in a tax code or a\nreceipt, which is why the two previous sections come first.<\/p>\n<p>Reporting frequency is assigned by size, not chosen. A business with annual taxable supplies of\n$1,500,000 or less is assigned annual filing and may elect monthly or quarterly instead. Between\n$1,500,000 and $6,000,000 the assignment is quarterly, with monthly available by election. Above\n$6,000,000, monthly is mandatory\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/forms-publications\/publications\/rc4022\/general-information-gst-hst-registrants.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRA RC4022<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Form GST20 makes the election to file more often.<\/p>\n<p>Filing more often than required is usually the right call for a client in a refund position,\nbecause the money comes back sooner. That is a genuine judgement call rather than a rule, and it\nis worth raising with the client rather than defaulting.<\/p>\n<p>The deadlines are short to memorise and easy to trip. Monthly and quarterly filers file and pay\none month after the end of the reporting period, while annual filers file and pay three months\nafter their fiscal year end. An individual running an unincorporated business with a 31 December\nyear end gets a split deadline, paying by 30 April and filing by 15 June\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/tax\/businesses\/topics\/gst-hst-businesses\/file-gst-hst-return\/reporting-requirements-deadlines.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRA<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>But that split catches people every single year, because the payment falls due roughly six weeks\nbefore the return that calculates it.<\/p>\n<p>Annual filers carry a second obligation that is easy to overlook on a first-year file. Where net\ntax for the previous fiscal year was $3,000 or more, quarterly instalments become payable, each\none due within a month of the end of the fiscal quarter and normally set at a quarter of the\nprior year&#8217;s net tax\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/tax\/businesses\/topics\/gst-hst-businesses\/pay-instalment\/need-to-pay-by-instalments.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRA<\/a>).\nPay them in full and on time on that basis and CRA charges no instalment interest, even if the\nyear finishes higher. Those payments come back onto the return at line 110.<\/p>\n<p>The return itself is short. Line 101 reports total sales and other revenue including zero-rated\nand exempt supplies. Line 103 carries GST\/HST collected or collectible, line 106 the eligible\ninput tax credits, and line 109 the net tax, arrived at by subtracting line 108 from line 105. A\nnegative figure lands as a refund claimed on line 114, a positive one as the amount owing on\nline 115\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/tax\/businesses\/topics\/gst-hst-businesses\/complete-file-instructions.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRA<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Line 101 is the one offshore bookkeepers most often understate, and the cause is always upstream.\nZero-rated exports coded out of scope, intercompany recharges dropped, a second revenue stream\nrouted through a payment processor and never mapped. None of that gets caught by the return. It&#8217;s\ncaught by tying line 101 to the trial balance before you file.<\/p>\n<p>Which brings us to the credits, and to the documentary rule that quietly decides most of them.<\/p>\n<p>CRA sets three tiers of supporting information, keyed to the size of the purchase. Under $100, the\ndocument needs the supplier&#8217;s business or trading name, the invoice date and the total amount paid\nor payable. From $100 to $499.99 it must also show the total GST\/HST charged, and the status of\neach supply where taxable and exempt items appear on the same document. At $500 or more, it needs\nall of that plus the buyer&#8217;s name, a brief description of the supply, the terms of payment and the\nsupplier&#8217;s GST\/HST registration number.<\/p>\n<p>Read that top tier again with a client&#8217;s expense folder in mind. A $900 software invoice carrying\nno GST\/HST number fails, and the credit isn&#8217;t available however clearly the payment shows in the\nbank feed.<\/p>\n<p>The mistake we see most often is treating the bank transaction as the evidence. It isn&#8217;t. The\ninvoice is.<\/p>\n<p>So what does that mean for how you close a month? Chase the missing documents while the supplier\nstill answers your email, not in the week the return is due. Then reconcile the GST\/HST payable\ncontrol account to the return before anything is filed, the same discipline you already apply to\n<a href=\"https:\/\/skillarbitra.ge\/blog\/bank-reconciliation-step-by-step\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bank reconciliation<\/a>. In\nQuickBooks Online that runs as Sales Tax, then Overview, then Prepare return, filing the figures\nwith CRA and recording the payment afterwards so the payable clears rather than drifting.<\/p>\n<p>Put the three sections back together and the position is settled. You don&#8217;t register for Canadian\nGST\/HST on your own fee, and once the client&#8217;s registration number is on file the digital-economy\nthreshold can&#8217;t reach you either. The rate on the client&#8217;s sales follows the recipient&#8217;s address,\nat 5%, 13%, 14% or 15% depending on the province.<\/p>\n<p>And the coding holds the rest up. Zero-rated stays coded as zero-rated so the credits survive,\nreceipts get chased against the tier they fall into, and the payable account is tied to the return\nbefore the return is filed.<\/p>\n<a id=\"h2-4\"><\/a>\n<h2 id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Can a bookkeeping client use the Quick Method of accounting for GST\/HST?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Eligibility caps at $400,000 of annual worldwide taxable supplies including GST\/HST, and the\nmethod carries a 1% credit on the first $30,000 of eligible supplies each fiscal year, elected on\nForm GST74. Accounting, bookkeeping and tax-consulting practices sit on CRA&#8217;s list of excluded\nbusinesses, so the method is closed to them, and to your own Canadian-registered practice if you\never open one.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Does an Indian professional need GST registration in India to invoice a Canadian client?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Export of services is a zero-rated supply under section 16 of the IGST Act, 2017, so no integrated\ntax is charged on the invoice. A registered person files a Letter of Undertaking in Form GST\nRFD-11 on the GST portal to export without paying that tax up front. The LUT status changes to\nexpired at the end of each financial year, so it has to be filed again annually.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Does the Canadian client have to self-assess GST\/HST on an Indian bookkeeper&#8217;s fee?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A registrant using the imported service at least 90% in commercial activities has nothing to\nself-assess, which covers most trading businesses. Below that threshold, the GST or federal part\nof the HST is reported on line 405 of the client&#8217;s GST\/HST return. A client who is not registered\nat all reports on Form GST59 by the end of the month after the amount was paid or became payable.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How far back can an unclaimed input tax credit be recovered?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Four years after the end of the reporting period in which the purchase was made, claimed on any\nlater return within that window. Listed financial institutions, and businesses whose threshold\namounts exceed $6 million in both the current and preceding fiscal years, get two years instead,\nwith limited exceptions for charities and for registrants whose supplies are predominantly\ntaxable.<\/p>\n<a id=\"h2-5\"><\/a>\n<h2 id=\"references\">References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Canada Revenue Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/tax\/businesses\/topics\/gst-hst-businesses\/when-register-charge.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">When to register for and start charging the GST\/HST<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Canada Revenue Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/forms-publications\/publications\/rc4027\/doing-business-canada-gst-hst-information-non-residents.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RC4027, Doing business in Canada: GST\/HST information for non-residents<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Canada Revenue Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/tax\/businesses\/topics\/gst-hst-businesses\/digital-economy-gsthst\/charge-collect\/cross-border.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cross-border digital products or services<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Canada Revenue Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/tax\/businesses\/topics\/gst-hst-businesses\/digital-economy-gsthst\/find-out-need-register\/cross-border-threshold-amounts.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cross-border digital products and services threshold amounts<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Canada Revenue Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/tax\/businesses\/topics\/gst-hst-businesses\/charge-collect-which-rate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Which GST\/HST rate applies<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Canada Revenue Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/tax\/businesses\/topics\/gst-hst-businesses\/charge-collect-which-rate\/calculator.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GST\/HST calculator and rate table<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Canada Revenue Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/forms-publications\/publications\/3-3-6\/plc-spply-prvnc-gnrl-rls-fr-srvcs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GST\/HST Memorandum 3-3-6, Place of supply in a province: general rules for services<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Canada Revenue Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/forms-publications\/publications\/4-5-3\/exports-services-intangible-personal-property.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GST\/HST Memorandum 4-5-3, Exports: services and intangible personal property<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Canada Revenue Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/tax\/businesses\/topics\/gst-hst-businesses\/file-gst-hst-return\/reporting-requirements-deadlines.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reporting requirements and deadlines<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Canada Revenue Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/forms-publications\/publications\/rc4022\/general-information-gst-hst-registrants.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RC4022, General information for GST\/HST registrants<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Canada Revenue Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/tax\/businesses\/topics\/gst-hst-businesses\/complete-file-instructions.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Instructions for preparing a GST\/HST return<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Canada Revenue Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/tax\/businesses\/topics\/gst-hst-businesses\/pay-instalment\/need-to-pay-by-instalments.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find out if you need to pay GST\/HST by instalments<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Canada Revenue Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/forms-publications\/publications\/rc4058\/quick-method-accounting-gst-hst.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RC4058, Quick method of accounting for GST\/HST<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Canada Revenue Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/forms-publications\/forms\/gst59.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GST59, GST\/HST return for imported taxable supplies<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Canada Revenue Agency, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/e-services\/digital-services-businesses\/confirming-a-gst-hst-account-number.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Confirming a GST\/HST account number<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Goods and Services Tax Network, <a href=\"https:\/\/tutorial.gst.gov.in\/userguide\/refund\/Furnishing_of_Letter_of_Undertaking_for_Export_of_Goods_or_Services.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Furnishing of Letter of Undertaking for export of goods or services<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Intuit QuickBooks Canada, <a href=\"https:\/\/quickbooks.intuit.com\/learn-support\/en-ca\/help-article\/sales-taxes\/set-use-sales-tax-quickbooks-online\/L4Lx8eL7V_CA_en_CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Set up and use sales tax in QuickBooks Online<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Xero Central, <a href=\"https:\/\/central.xero.com\/s\/article\/Add-or-edit-tax-rates-CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Add, edit or delete a tax rate (Canada)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a id=\"h2-6\"><\/a>\n<h2 id=\"disclaimer\">Disclaimer<\/h2>\n<p>This article is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute tax,\nlegal, accounting or professional advice. Canadian GST\/HST rules, rates and thresholds change, and\nprovincial sales taxes in British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Quebec are administered\nseparately from GST\/HST. 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